盐田港进口集装箱货物口岸放行时间研究（英文版）

Confidential For Internal Reference Time Release Study on Import Container Goods at Yantian Port of Shenzhen, China Presented by Beijing Re-code Trade Security and Facilitation Research Center July, 2015 The Purpose and Importance of the Study The Time Release Study (TRS) Chinese government and enterprises proposed by the World Customs have made great efforts and achieved a Organization in this century is playing milestone in speeding up the process a vital role in promoting trade of goods release. However, due to the facilitation. lack of a scientific, objective system of The release of imported/exported goods assessment, the real effects of reform involves importers, exporters, port & cannot be evaluated accurately and the dock operators, carriers, shipping agents, proportion of the time consumption in customs brokers and other commercial each phase of the whole process of participants in trade community. goods release cannot be determined. Chinese administrations of customs, As a consequence, problems seem commodity inspection and quarantine, uneasy to be discovered, researched, and import/export control also join in and resolved, which may, in turn, the process of cargo release directly or hinder the development of the indirectly. Through empirical analysis, country’s trade facilitation. this paper is attempting to accurately Our research center launched this calculate the respective time spent in project in Yantian port in order to each step of cargo release at ports in thoroughly and accurately dissect the order to scientifically study the process of goods release by means of reasonability and efficiency of sampling survey. In virtue of tracking, operational process inside. Obviously, recording and compiling the data through the research, the service about the time of goods release at capacity of ports, the speed of goods ports, this report would be a great clearance and the level of a country’s reference to any stakeholders related trade facilitation obtain a tool to help to trade with the purpose of shortening self-assessing and improving. the time of goods release. Since the opening-up reform, the 1 Object of Study, Sample Data and Methods of Operation The concept of “Time Release” in the declaration, credits of declarer and real study is mainly defined as the time importer, as well as time points in each spent from the start of process of phase of the trade process. For each of goods release to the end of it. the selected samples, its information ① The start of process was recorded and finally formed a It is the time when all imported goods “timeline”. have been unloaded and warehoused, Tools of Research and Verification as well as the domestic consignees can Tools of research: in order to pave the exchange bills of lading for delivery way for the research, our center orders. developed a new tool based on the ②The end of the process platform of Access and Excel. After It is the time when customs has issued collecting information of each sample, the order of goods release. it would automatically export standard The unit of time is “minute”. If greater data, then analyzed data within Excel than or equal to 30 seconds, calculated pivot table. in a minute; if less than 30 seconds Data verification: all the date involved calculated in 0. in the research was able be verified by Object in the Study Customs System, CIQ ① System or The research unit is import any other related system. custom-declaration. The object of study is the time consumption of containerized goods releases happened from March to May 2015 at Yantian port of Shenzhen. Data Collection and Sampling The date collection was completed with aid of a customs broker in Shenzhen, complying with the rule of random sample. The study incorporated 497 samples and each of them included these information: codes of commodities, serial number of commodities ① CIQ: China Inspection and Quarantine, the administration of commodities inspection and quarantine in China. 2 The Process of Imported Containerized Goods at Yantian Port Before the analysis of time release, it process of goods release at Yantian is of importance to figure out the port. Figure 1: The Process of Goods Release in Yantian, Shenzhen As the Figure 1 presents, the process customs broker needs to make the of goods release in Yantian is goods registered in order to get the generally divided into three phases: code of declaration from CIQ system. the phase before declaration, the Afterwards, declaration documents for phase of CIQ declaration and the commodities inspection and phase of customs declaration. To be quarantine should be submitted to CIQ. precise, the phase before declaration After documents being checked by includes the operation of discharging corresponding office in the CIQ, if the and warehousing goods as well as the office decides to inspect the goods, it operation of exchanging bills of will offer customs broker a notice of lading. However, in the study, the inspection, for which customs broker phase before declaration only should prepare thereafter. After contained the time consumption in inspection, the CIQ will issue the exchanging bills of lading due to that release order of CIQ. If goods are not the time when freighters arrived at to be inspected, the office will directly port was unable to be acquired. issue the release order of CIQ. During the phase of CIQ declaration, 3 During the phase of customs inspection. Meanwhile, customs declaration, customs broker needs to broker needs to apply to the inspection start work on a draft for customs office of customs for checking declaration and register commodities commodities and goods which passing via QP System ① (hereon, customs customs inspection are permitted to be broker can choose paperless released. If customs inspection is not declaration or paper declaration, but required, goods are usually released after customs checks the cargo directly. information in QP System, it will decide if paper documents need to be submitted). After that, whether goods should be transferred (often due to checking price) depends on the order made by customs. On condition that goods need to be transferred, customs broker should offer paper documents for goods price reviewing and the customs declaration will be issued after price confirmed. If goods are not transferred, customs declaration will be issued directly. Then, customs broker should pay tariffs according to the examined customs declaration. Afterwards, if required to submit paper documents, customs broker need to submit and the clearance department of customs will check documents provided to decide whether to carry out the customs inspection. If documents don’t need to be submitted, customs will release the order of inspection in the QP System. Following the order, wharf operator begins to move the containers for the ① QP System: Quick Pass System, a computerization system for customs clearance in China. 4 Preliminary Results of Study The Time Consumption in the and closes at the moment when the Whole Goods Release Process customs confirms the goods release. Uncertainty of the time consumption in Herein, the customs broker’s capacity of goods unloading, generally the whole documents preparation and management, process of goods release is divided into the trade-related cooperation efficiency, three phases (the phase before and the customs service level can be declaration, the phase of CIQ declaration examined. and the phase of customs declaration), Special Explanation: the time which are explicated below. consumption in the phase of CIQ ①The phase before declaration spans declaration as well as the phase of from the time when domestic customs declaration includes the time consignee/customs broker can start combined, which is costed by customs exchanging bills of lading to the time brokers, consignees, wharf operators, when customs broker acquires it. customs as well as offices of CIQ in Herein, the consignee’s capacity of each phase of trade operation. international trade implement and the As the Figure 2, 497 samples customs broker’s timeliness of incorporated in the study showed that documents preparation can be tested. the time costed in the whole process of 5 days 1 hour 56 minutes （123H） ②The phase of CIQ declaration starts goods release arrived at 5 days 1 hour from the moment when bills of lading and 56 minutes on average, roughly is received by customs broker and 123 hours in total. To be precise, the ends at the time when CIQ issues its average time consumption in the release order. Herein, the customs process before declaration broker’s capacity of files preparation, (exchanging bills of lading) was 2 the efficiency of commercial days 4 hours and 48 minutes; the cooperation among trade participants average time consumed in the process and the efficiency of CIQ can be of CIQ declaration reached 10 hours measured. and 34 minutes; the average time used ③ The phase of customs declaration in the process of customs clearance begins with the time when customs approached 2 days 10 hours and 33 broker receives the CIQ release order minutes. 5 Figure 2: Average Time Consumption in the Whole Process Through the analysis on these samples, it less than 5 days but 6.7% of them were was evident that 63.2% of them costed released within more than 10 days. Figure 3: Samples Distribution of the Entire Process The Analysis of Time Consumption in divided into two items: one was for the Phase of CIQ Declaration goods inspected by CIQ and the other The process of CIQ inspection starts was for goods not inspected by CIQ from the time when the office of CIQ (the ratio of inspected goods was gives out notice to inspect goods and 10.26%). More conclusions are closes at the moment when it issues presented in Figure 4， Figure 5 and the goods release. Figure 6. Generally, all the 497 samples were 6 Figure 4: Samples Distribution of the Phase of CIQ Declaration Figure 5: Average Time Consumption of the Phase of CIQ Declaration (Inspected & Uninspected) Figure 6: Max time and Average Time Consumed in the Phase of CIQ Inspection It was evident that the samples of 50% time was consumed in the goods inspected by CIQ averagely period of preparing for CIQ consumed one day or even more. If inspection. In other words, time was goods needed CIQ inspection, the mostly costed in the preparation for time consumption of CIQ inspection not in the real inspection declaration phase would increase operation. However, it still required enormously. Additionally, the further analysis on the details of process of CIQ inspection took up time distribution on dealing 65.8% in the time of the whole information in different CIQ offices phase of CIQ declaration of goods and cooperation between wharf and inspected and in particular, roughly port operators and customs brokers. 7 The Analysis on the Time like to classify all 497 samples into Consumption in Customs two kinds of situations: inspected Declaration goods and uninspected goods The phase of customs inspection accordingly (inspected goods occupied begins with the time when customs 4.23% of all.). Based on data analysis, releases the notice for inspecting we demonstrate the time consumption goods and ends at the point when the of each kind of situation in Figure 7, inspection is completed. Equally, we’d Figure 8 and Figure 9. Figure 7: Samples Distribution of the Phase of Customs Declaration Figure 8: Average Time Consumption of the Phase of Customs Declaration (Inspected & Uninspected) Figure 9: Max time, Average Time, and Minimum Time Consumed in the Phase of Customs Inspection As it turns out, the conclusion generally complies with that of CIQ 8 inspection. Similarly, if goods needed the real operation of inspection. to be inspected, the time consumption In addition, commodities declaration in the phase of customs declaration involves paper declaration and would rise evidently. Meanwhile, the paperless declaration. 48.09% of 497 confirmation and delivery of notice for samples were paperless. Figure 10 inspection also shared a larger demonstrates the comparison of two proportion of time consumption than different types of declaration. Figure 10: Average Time Consumption of the Phase of Customs Declaration (Submitted & Unsubmitted) What’s worth to mention, paper or samples. Particularly, the phase of paperless declaration ultimately customs declaration shared 21 days depends on the order from customs. As and the process of issuing customs statistics suggested, paper declaration releases order alone costed 17 days contributed more to the time and 5 hours. According to the customs’ consumption in the process than explanation, the goods classification paperless one did. and price in the customs broker’s Besides, time consumed in customs declaration were suspicious. declaration outweighed that in CIQ Specifically, in general, the customs declaration. Sometimes, disagreements believed that garnet belonged to the would postpone the process of category of diamond, so the goods commodities clearance. Herein, to needed to be rechecked because of the introduce an example (H.S. code: categorical mismatching. By the end 161011300, commodity: garnet), it of our study, the case has not been took 21 days 19 hours and 25 minutes, concluded yet and the goods affiliated the longest time consumed of all 497 was released after paying a deposit. 9 Comparison of Time Consumption with Japan and Korea Japan and Korea have reformed their In 1987, Japan applied the single goods release for many years and window abbreviated NACCS, which through empirical efforts, time release already appeared to be rather mature has become ace. Especially after the in 2009. Korea started the program of establishment of their single windows, UNI-PASS in 2003 and completed in the efficiency of commodities 2009. clearance has been boosted incredibly. Figure 11: Comparison of Time Spent in Goods Release between China and Japan Data sources: www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/tradfa_e/symp_nov11_e/pre_arr_exam_jpn_e.doc Figure 12: Comparison of Time Spent in the Phase of Declaration between China and Korea Data sources: the customs of Korea, http://www.customs.go.kr/kcshome/site/index.do?layoutSiteId=english. As the statistics, though the time spent and Korea, Yantian had a decent in the phase before declaration in performance in the phase before Yantian was longer than the time in declaration as enterprises often Japan (2009), there was no very large sought methods to improve their gap. However, a tremendous gap operation efficiency for more profits. existed between the time spent in the Once coming into the phase of phase of declaration in China and that declaration, the time spent gap with in Japan or Korea. Japan and Korea would be much Through the comparison with Japan larger. 10 Preliminary Conclusions and Suggestions The object in the study targets on the to sluggishness. As the study shows, goods release time in Yantian, Shenzhen, the time companies spent on and with regard to the overall exchanging bills of lading generally harmonization of China declaration almost equals to that used in system, we are attempting to render developed countries, but due to several conclusions listed below. governmental institutes’ involvement, Firstly, the unreasonable system of the time consumed in the phase of goods release directly gives rise to declaration tends to be more alarming prolonging the time spent. Any nation than that in developed counterparts. in the world adopts analogous policies Clearly, the irrational systems and the in controlling imports and exports. In overlapping procedures are utilized in history, there are two aspects: first of these two declaration phase. Instead, all, the regulatory system implemented some procedures should be by the customs includes goods security tremendously simplified, for example and tariff collection. Moreover, the goods eligible to be released quarantine of animals and plants as should be issued automatically by well as goods quality management are computer, not manually by customs also contained. With the rapid officer. development of international trade and Thirdly, advanced and effective information technology, the systems of goods release in developed incorporation of two administrations countries should be introduced largely became a tide in the past several as well as positively, for instance the decades. Is it still necessary for the advance declaration system in Japan is CIQ and the customs to completely worth to be referred. According to a wield controls on imports and exports report in 2009 about the advance independently and parallelly? Does declaration system of Japan, the time another substitute resolution exist? consumed in the phase of declaration Apparently, it remains crucial to can be cut down 11.5 hours on average. review those questions in the reform By the application of information of Chinese governmental institutes. technology, the construction and the Secondly, in current process of goods implementation of a single window release, the time consumed in the would work as a positive impetus to declarations to CIQ and customs leads curtail the time consumption. 11 Postscript Our research center has completed the attentions, participations and supports preliminary study and truly much from import and export enterprises, work need to be refined in the next transporters and transport agencies, phase of study. Hopefully, we would port and wharf operators, customs and raise more targeted projects by departments of CIQ as well as other thoroughly exploring differences stakeholders, etc., in order to promote existing in phases of trade operation. the implementation of trade We sincerely look forward to facilitation in China together. 12 2