目录


国际海关政策动态

  • 俄罗斯恢复执行《黑海谷物倡议》

  • 美对华 301 关税复审开始征求公众意见

  • 美国总统拜登接受 CBP 局长辞职

  • WTO 《2022年世界贸易报告》强调贸易必须以气候变化为基石

  • WTO 纪念 GATT 75 周年

  • 欧盟发布 2023 年版税则

  • 欧委会提交民用军火进出口和过境措施规章修正案

  • 西班牙公布进口不可重复使用塑料包装特别税报关要求

  • 俄罗斯伊朗拟在近期签署双边自贸协定

  • 东盟峰会相关成果

  • CPTPP 将于 11 月 29 日对马来西亚生效

国际组织《贸易便利化协定》(TFA)动态

  • TFA 签订最新进展

  • WTO 继续推进电子商务谈判

  • WCO 创建 AEO 在线网站

  • 中亚推动采用联合国标准支持供应链数字化转型

  • 加拿大与欧盟签署互认协议加强供应链安全与便利

报告及评论摘要
  • UNCTAD 发布《 ASYCUDA 2021/22 年报告》

他山之石
  • 新西兰海关通过多机构参与加强风险管理

END



国际海关政策动态

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俄罗斯恢复执行《黑海谷物倡议》

继 10 月 29 日宣布暂停执行《黑海谷物倡议》之后,俄罗斯总统普金于 11 月 2 日宣布俄恢复参与这一黑海港口农产品外运协议。联合国秘书长古特雷斯对此表示欢迎。

在联合国推动和土耳其斡旋下,《黑海谷物倡议》于今年 7 月签署,各方确保乌克兰和俄罗斯粮食和肥料外运到海外市场,以稳定全球粮食价格和保证全球粮食安全。《倡议》将于 11 月中旬到期。乌克兰和俄罗斯约占全球小麦和大麦出口量的 30% ,玉米出口量的 20% ,葵花籽油出口量的 50% 以上。
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美对华 301 关税复审开始征求公众意见

11 月 15 日,美国贸易代表办公室(USTR)就美国对中国产品征收 301 关税复审一事开始征求公众意见。征求意见的问题包括特别关税对消除或反制中国在技术转让、知识产权和创新方面的政策和实践的效果,对美国工人、小企业、制造商、关键供应链、美国的技术领先地位的影响等。公众可以通过 USTR 为此专门建立的电子门户网站发表意见。USTR 提前发布了问题单(见链接 2 ),包括三部分(共 27 个具体问题):

1. 关于对关税行动的有效性及其经济影响的意见;
2. 对具体行业/产业的意见;

3. 对关税行动已涉及的超过一万个 8 位税目和应该增加的税目的意见。征求意见截止期限为 2023 年 1 月 17 日。

对华 301 特别关税由美国特朗普政府于 2018 年开始实施。USTR 于今年 5 月按照法定程序发出通知,启动对华 301 关税四年审议程序,9 月宣布因美国产业部门要求继续征税,该特别关税延长实施,并同时开展对其审议。

点评

征求公众意见过程是美国进口商及利益相关方要求对 301 关税做出修改的关键机会。受特别关税影响的企业应积极提交意见,以确保其利益在复审过程中得到考虑。

链接 LINK 01  链接 LINK 02


美国总统拜登接受 CBP 局长辞职

        美国白宫发言人 11 月 12 日发表声明,拜登总统已接受美国海关及边境保护局(CBP)局长克里斯. 马格努斯(Chris Magnus)的请辞。据媒体报道,马格努斯被指因工作不力导致美国连月非法入境人数屡破历史新高,令拜登政府受到非议,被迫辞去自 2021 年 12 月以来才担任的拥有六万名员工的 CBP 局长职务。现任副局长特洛伊.米勒作为代理局长接任 CBP 领导职务。

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WTO 《 2022 年世界贸易报告》强调贸易必须以气候变化为基石
11 月 7 日,世界贸易组织(WTO)在第 27 届联合国气候变化大会(COP27)期间发布《 2022 年世界贸易报告》,就国际贸易和加强合作如何能够加大全球应对气候变化的努力提供了新的分析和建议,并审视了气候变化对贸易格局和未来繁荣造成的影响。WTO 总干事依韦阿拉在 COP27 上介绍了该报告,传递以下四个信息:

1.  由于潜在的生产力损失、生产短缺、运输基础设施损坏和供应链中断,气候变化是未来经济增长和繁荣的一个主要威胁;

2. 贸易对各国适应气候扰乱,降低技术、关键货物和服务成本能起到事半功倍的作用。从长远看,开放国际市场有助于各国实现必要的经济调整和资源再分配;

3. 通过支持降低或消除温室气体,贸易可以降低减缓气候变化的成本,并加速向低碳经济和创造绿色就业的转型。报告模拟测算表明,消减一组与能源相关的环境产品关税和非关税措施可能在 2030 年令出口增长 5% , 由此产生的能源效能和可再生能源吸收可实现全球减排 0.6% ;

4. 在与贸易相关的环境政策方面加强国际合作对于减少贸易摩擦和投资不确定性,实现更加高效的气候行动以及更加公正的低碳转型至关重要。缺乏全球国际合作和高雄心水平的气候政策,世界将无法实现《巴黎协定》所制订的将全球升温限制在2摄氏度以下的目标。

点评

关于贸易与环境关系的讨论在COP27的日程上占有显著地位。在世界实现全球气候变化目标面临严峻挑战的危急形势下,从生产、贸易、金融到物流运输和边境管理的全球供应链各环节为减排做出贡献势在必行。贸易政策和边境管理正在从管制对环境有害产品向支持对环境有益产品的模式转变。对依靠碳关税支持脱碳融资的期待在提高。同时,绿色海关战略也摆到国际海关发展的优先日程上来。

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WTO 纪念 GATT 75 周年
11 月 1 日,WTO 举办纪念《关税与贸易协定》(GATT)75 周年网络研讨会。WTO 总干事依韦阿拉、副总干事冈萨雷斯以及美国达特茅斯学院经济学教授埃尔文讨论了 GATT 的起源、成就及其在多边贸易体制中的重要地位。
自 1947 年以来,GATT 在长达近 50 年间规范国际贸易,直到 1995 年由 WTO 继承。总干事在致辞中强调自 GATT 问世以来贸易对世界繁荣和脱贫的关键作用。副总干事表示,GATT 的持久性有赖于非歧视、通过连续多轮谈判渐进改革以及通过允许例外给与成员方内部改革空间的灵活性等简单原则,强调 GATT 作为国际合作工具对当前世界面临多重危机形势下的启迪作用。埃尔文教授回顾了多边贸易体制自 1860 年以来的发展历程,包括国联等国际组织在促进导致 GATT 诞生的贸易原则的早期讨论方面发挥的重要作用。

他做出三点结论:1. 世界贸易体制已经坚实地嵌入当今地缘政治秩序中;2. 多边贸易体制发展道路从来就没有过坦途,但会有丰厚回报;3. 重归经济民族主义和碎片化不仅经济代价高昂而且危险。

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欧盟发布 2023 年版税则

10 月 31 日,欧盟税收与关税同盟发布 2023 年版欧盟《综合目录》(CN)。CN 是欧盟 27 个成员国进出口货物申报适用关税、非关税措施和统计的共同基础。新版 CN 主要修订内容包括为更好监测特定物品(如“关键原材料")跨境流动和根据统计、贸易政策和技术发展变化需要增列的子目以及为实施 WTO《信息技术协定》(ITA)扩容协议的分阶段降税所作的调整。欧盟 CN 每年更新,新版税则将于 2023 年 1 月 1 日起实施。

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欧委会提交民用军火进出口和过境措施规章修正案

近日,欧盟委员会向欧盟议会和理事会提交《军火、主要元器件及弹药进出口和过境措施条例》修正案。该《条例》修正案对非军用武器、零部件及弹药涉及第三国的进出口和过境的审批管理制订规则,旨在确保对民用军火国际交易的有效追踪和加强成员国之间的合作, 以弥补因目前成员国之间实施的不一致而存在的漏洞。这些漏洞包括现有《条例》不能有效区分武器的军事和民事用途,难以确保完全追踪和信息交换,也不利于减轻企业行政负担。

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西班牙公布进口不可重复使用塑料包装特别税报关要求
今年 4 月,西班牙议会通过了关于循环经济中废物和受污染土壤的 7/2022 号法令,其中第七部分第一章规定:对用于在西班牙消费的不可重复使用的塑料包装征收特别税,以鼓励减少此类包装的使用和塑料废物的回收,为减缓气候变化和保护海洋环境做出贡献。该特别税征收对象为生产、进口和社区内部获得的不可重复使用的初级、半成品和成品塑料容器,按从量税率每公斤征收 0.45 欧元,从 2023 年 1 月 1 日起开征。

西班牙税务局于近日公布了进口须缴纳特别税的不可重复使用塑料包装向海关申报的具体要求,包括如何在欧盟统一报关单(SAD)中的相关栏目正确填写应税的塑料容器重量以及适用的法定减免编码等。

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俄罗斯伊朗拟在近期签署双边自贸协定
俄罗斯和伊朗就伊朗在近期与欧亚经济联盟签署自由贸易协定一事已达成一致。协定的签署将消除目前两国的双边贸易壁垒。同时,两国也正在商讨减少与第三国边境壁垒的事宜。
俄伊两国的贸易近来增长迅速。2022 年前 8 个月,双边贸易额上升 36.4% ,达到创记录的 33 亿美元,且增长势头不减。今年 10 月起,两国就协调石油和天然气供应的细节问题展开磋商,预计将在年底前达成共识并签署协议。该协议一旦达成,每年将完成 500 万吨石油和 100 亿立方米天然气的供应。除石化领域的合作外,两国企业界还看好在造船、汽车和航空建设领域的合作机会。

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东盟峰会相关成果

第 40/41 届东盟峰会暨相关会议于 11 月 11-13 日在柬埔寨金边举行。东盟国家领导人于 11 日发表首脑声明,原则接受东帝汶成为东盟第11个成员国,给予东帝汶观察员地位。13 日,东盟国家与澳大利亚和新西兰领导人发表联合声明,宣布实质性结束《建立东盟-澳大利亚-新西兰自由贸易区协定》(AANZFTA)升级谈判。


链接 LINK 01  链接 LINK 02


CPTPP 将于 11 月 29 日对马来西亚生效

继马来西亚政府 10 月 5 日批准加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》(CPTPP)之后,该协定将于今年 11 月 29 日对马来西亚生效。

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国际组织《贸易便利化协定》(TFA)动态

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TFA 签订最新进展

TFA 的核准成员数为 156 ,占比率为 95.1% ,全部 WTO 成员执行 TFA 承诺比率为 74% 。(自 2022 年 10 月 1 日起无变化)。

来自 Trade Facilitation Agreement Database

链接 LINK

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WTO 继续推进电子商务谈判

WTO 电子商务谈判共同召集国(日本、澳大利亚和新加坡)于 10 月 25 日至 28 日举行了一系列会议,旨在推进谈判,达成在 2022 年底之前发布“经修订的电子商务谈判合并文本"的目标。与会者就电子交易框架、电子发票、网络安全、隐私和电信问题举行了会议,且组织了“数据保护和隐私对消费者信任的重要性"研讨会。

自 2019 年开启 WTO 电子商务谈判以来,经过成员国多轮谈判,WTO 于2020 年 12 月发布电子商务谈判合并文本,内容包括便利电子商务、数字贸易便利化和物流、非歧视和其他义务、信息流动、消费者保护、国内监管与国际合作等。

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WCO 创建 AEO 在线网站

世界海关组织(WCO)近期推出了 AEO 在线网站,WCO 会员可以实时输入、更新和管理其相关信息。网站将替代现有的 WCO 每年编印的《 AEO 汇编》,提供各类 AEO 互认(MRA)的相关信息,按照区域和成员将 AEO 信息分类。WCO 鼓励各成员尽可能频繁地更新与 AEO 相关的资料,使网站能够提供即时的 AEO 信息,方便所有相关人士使用。

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中亚推动采用联合国标准支持供应链数字化转型

2022 年 10 月 31 日,参与中亚经济体特别方案的国家代表在阿塞拜疆举行会议,讨论使用联合国标准进行供应链信息交换数字化转型。与会者强调了加强供应链数据共享数字化的需求,指出利用联合国贸易便利化和电子商务中心(UN/CEFACT)数字化数据共享标准实现信息无缝流动已经促进了欧盟的贸易和运输,特别是在单一窗口和电子货运信息领域,与会人员建议将该创新理念适用于中亚经济体国家。

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加拿大与欧盟签署互认协议加强供应链安全与便利

10 月 28 日,加拿大边境服务局(CBSA)宣布与欧盟税收与海关同盟(TAXUD)签署互认协议,实现双方的《可信贸易商项目》。据此,加拿大《可信贸易商项目》和受保护伙伴(PIP)成员的商品将被认作为低风险,在进入欧盟时能够更快速清关,节省时间与成本。欧盟也将获得加拿大对等待遇。对加拿大而言,欧盟是位居美国之后的第二大贸易伙伴。2021 年,双边贸易总额约为 882 亿美元。

CBSA 在此前已与澳大利亚、香港、以色列、日本、墨西哥、新西兰、秘鲁、新加坡、韩国以及美国海关签署了互认协议。

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报告及评论摘要

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UNCTAD 发布《 ASYCUDA 2021/22 年报告》

这份由联合国贸易和发展会议(UNCTAD)发布的报告概述了 UNCTAD 海关数据自动化系统(ASYCUDA)方案的成就、影响、成员具体使用情况案例等。ASYCUDA 旨在改革、精简和自动化通关流程,促进贸易便利化,提高透明度并减少贸易时间和成本。除了推广 ASYCUDA 软件以外,方案还促进海关与合作伙伴机构的信息交流以及监测跨境贸易流动等。UNCTAD 还陆续开发了新的工具和模块,如 ASYHUB、ASYREC 和eCITES 等。

报告强调了 ASYCUDA 方案的主要成就,包括在疫情时期确保业务连续性,使最不发达国家、内陆发展中国家以及小岛屿发展中国家能够提高透明度和问责制,同时改进风险管理实践。报告还详细说明了该方案作为一项支持贸易便利化和技术解决方案,如何帮助发展中国家政府增加海关收入,同时减少相关时间和成本。目前 ASYCUDA 世界版在遍布世界各大洲的 101 个国家海关通关中使用。

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他山之石

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新西兰海关通过多机构参与加强风险管理

新西兰在奥克兰海关建立的综合布控和行动中心(ITOC)是一个多部门的边境管理部门,它汇集了各机构和数据,负责协调与人员、货物和工艺品有关的边境业务活动。截至 2022 年 6 月 30 日, ITOC 工作人员来自包括新西兰海关总署、初级产业部、新西兰移民局、新西兰警方、卫生部、航空安全服务处在内的 6 个机构。该中心通过多机构参与形式来加强风险管理,具体表现包括:

- 风险管理新治理模式:从一个领导机构转变为多机构小组,以执行共同的“部门使命";
- 合作文化:设立了一个专门的职位负责跨机构合作文化,多机构共享办公空间增进合作;
- 增强边境卫生监管:卫生部针对新出现的健康风险,研究国家边境解决方案,建立一个疫苗接种数据库和海运健康预警程序;
- 增加 ITOC 内的机构代表:民航局(负责航空保安职能)已经加入,移民局也增加了员工人数;
- 建立 24/7 轮岗制度:更多人员参与可以保证全天候工作;
- 开展联合行动:例如海关与商业、创新与就业部和初级产业部开展合作,识别从印度尼西亚抵达新西兰边境的乘客是否感染口蹄疫的爆发;海关与商业、创新与就业部和初级产业部开展合作还为新航空部门建立了一个边境风险分析的模型。

( 来源:《新西兰海关年度报告》P210 )

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FOUR-YEAR REVIEW DOCKET1 Docket Title: Request for Comments: Four-Year Review of Actions in Sec. 301 Inv. of China Docket Request for Comments in Four-Year Review of Actions Taken in the Section 301 Investigation: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation Docket ID: USTR-2022-0014 USTR is conducting a four-year review of the July 6, 2018 action, as modified, and the August 23, 2018 action, as modified, in the section 301 investigation of China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation. As part of the review, USTR is seeking public comments on the effectiveness of the actions in achieving the objectives of the investigation, other actions that could be taken, and the effects of such actions on the United States economy, including consumers. If you have any questions or concerns regarding your submission, please refer to the Frequently Asked Questions page or call the 301 hotline at 202-395-5725. INTRODUCTION Explanatory Note: Questions regarding “Actions” refer to the July 6, 2018 action (List 1) and the August 23, 2018 action (List 2) as modified by supplemental lists (Lists 3 and 4) and temporary product exclusions. The questions on this docket are separated into three sections and invite views concerning the Section 301 actions at increasing levels of specificity. Section A invites views at an economy- wide level; Section B invites views at a sector/industry level; and Section C invites views at the level of tariff headings. Submitters should use one or more of these sections based on their views. For example, if a submitter has comments only at an economy-wide level, the submitter would address only questions in Section A. Or, if a submitter has comments only at the level of tariff headings, the submitter would address only the questions in Section C. Some submitters may wish to address the actions at different levels of specificity; these submitters would fill out more than one section. 1 These docket questions are being posted on November 1, in advance of the scheduled opening of the docket on November 15, in order to provide advance notice to submitters. The questions as presented on the docket may be clarified or amended. 1 For Section B (Sector/Industry-Level comments), submitters may define the sector/industry in accordance with the scope of their views. For example, a submitter may wish to comment on a specific industrial sector (such as steel manufacturing), or may wish to choose categories based on product use (such as home furnishings). Submitting Business Confidential Information: Certain questions will allow for the submission of Business Confidential Information (BCI). If you request business confidential treatment, you must certify the information is business confidential, disclosure of the information would endanger trade secrets or profitability, and such information is not generally available. For questions you are requesting confidential treatment, you must also provide a nonconfidential (Public) version in the box provided. Confidential responses should have BCI clearly marked with double brackets [[ BCI ]]. Nonconfidential (Public) versions should have BCI removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. Submitting Attachments: Attachments can be submitted at the end of the docket. Attachments may supplement the responses you have submitted in the boxes provided for each question, but should not replace those responses. If you provide an attachment that contains BCI, you must also provide a nonconfidential (Public) version. SUBMITTER INFORMATION 1. Contact Information • Organization: • First Name: • Last Name: • Email: • Phone number: • Third Party Information: o Third Party Organization Type: o Third Party Firm; Association Name: o Third Party Representative: o Third Party Email Address: 2. Does your business meet the size standards for a U.S. small business as established by the Small Business Administration? 3. Please report the number of employees your business employs in the United States. 2 QUESTIONS A. Effectiveness of the Actions & Economy-wide Comments In a notice published on April 6, 2018, the U.S. Trade Representative determined that acts, policies, and practices of the Government of China related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation are unreasonable or discriminatory, and burden or restrict U.S. commerce, and are thus actionable under section 301(b) of the Trade Act. See 83 FR 14906. In particular, the U.S. Trade Representative determined: 1. China uses foreign ownership restrictions, such as joint venture requirements and foreign equity limitations, and various administrative review and licensing processes, to require or pressure technology transfer from U.S. companies. 2. China’s regime of technology regulations forces U.S. companies seeking to license technologies to Chinese entities to do so on non-market-based terms that favor Chinese recipients. 3. China directs and unfairly facilitates the systematic investment in, and acquisition of, U.S. companies and assets by Chinese companies to obtain cutting-edge technologies and intellectual property and generate the transfer of technology to Chinese companies. 4. China conducts and supports unauthorized intrusions into, and theft from, the computer networks of U.S. companies to access their sensitive commercial information and trade secrets. In subsequent notices, the U.S. Trade Representative determined to take actions addressed to findings 1,3, and 4; finding 2 is addressed through WTO dispute settlement. 1. Do you have views regarding the actions at an economy-wide level? (Dropdown) If “No” is selected, no additional questions under this section 2. If you have views on the effectiveness of the actions in obtaining the elimination of China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property and innovation, please discuss below. 3. If you have views on changes in China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property and innovation since 2018, please discuss below. 3 4. Please discuss the role of the actions in causing any such change. 5. If you have views on whether the actions counteract China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property and innovation, please discuss below. 6. If you have views on how the actions taken in the investigation could be modified to make them more effective in obtaining the elimination of or in counteracting China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation, please discuss below. 7. If you have views on any other actions that could be taken under Section 301 that would be more effective in obtaining the elimination of or in counteracting China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation, please discuss below. 8. If you have views on the economy-wide effects of the actions on the U.S. economy (including consumers), or on the economy-wide effects of other actions that could be taken under Section 301, please discuss below or in response to the following, more specific questions. (a). The economy-wide effects of the actions or other possible actions on domestic manufacturing, including in terms of capital investments, domestic capacity and production levels, industry concentration, and profits; (b). The economy-wide effects of the actions or other possible actions on U.S. technology, including in terms of U.S. technological leadership and U.S. technological development; (c). The economy-wide effects of the actions or other possible actions on U.S. workers, including with respect to employment and wages; 4 (d). The economy-wide effects of the actions or other possible actions on U.S. small businesses; (e). The economy-wide effects of the actions or other possible actions on U.S. supply chain resilience or the goals of U.S. critical supply chains outlined in Executive Order 14017 and in subsequent reports and findings; (f). The economy-wide effects of the actions or other possible actions on U.S. consumers, including with respect to prices and product availability. B. Sector/Industry-Specific Comments 9. Do you have views regarding a specific sector or industry? (Dropdown) If “No” is selected, no additional question under this section 10. Please describe the sector or industry of the U.S. economy upon which you wish to comment. Additional sectors or industries can be entered at the end of this section. 11. If you are aware of the primary North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code associated with the sector you wish to comment on, please provide below. Please provide a 3- to 6-digit code. If unknown, indicate unknown. For more information on NAICS codes, see https://www.census.gov/naics/. For the specific sector or industry identified, please address: 12. The extent to which goods within the sector or industry are or are not subject to the actions. 5 13. Whether the actions – as applicable to goods within the sector or industry – are effective in obtaining the elimination of or in counteracting China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation? 14. Whether other actions that could be taken under Section 301 – as applicable to goods within the sector or industry – would be effective in obtaining the elimination of or in counteracting China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation? 15. The effects of the actions, or other actions that could be taken under Section 301, on the industry or sector, including effects on consumers of goods within the industry or sector. Your response to this question may consist of, or be supplemented by, the more specific questions below. (a). The effects of the actions or other actions that could be taken on domestic manufacturing within the sector or industry, including in terms of capital investments, capacity and production levels, industry concentration, and profits? To the extent possible, please quantify any changes. In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (b). The effect of the actions or other actions that could be taken on U.S. workers within the sector or industry, including with respect to the level of employment and wages? To the extent possible, please quantify any impacts. In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (c). The effect of the actions or other actions that could be taken on U.S. small businesses within the sector or industry? 6 In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (d). The effect of the actions or other actions that could be taken in terms of shifting supply chains for the sector or industry away from China? In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (e). The effect of the actions or other actions that could be taken on supply chain resilience within the sector or industry, including inventory practices and lead times for upstream intermediate inputs and capital equipment? In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (f). The effects of the actions or other possible actions on U.S. supply chain resilience or the goals of U.S. critical supply chains outlined in Executive Order 14017 and in subsequent reports and findings? (g). The effects of the actions or other actions that could be taken on consumers of goods within the industry or sector, including with respect to prices and product availability? In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. 16. I certify that the information I am requesting confidential treatment for is business confidential, disclosure of the information would endanger trade secrets or profitability, and such information is not generally available. This information is contained in double brackets [[ ]], I have provided non-confidential (Public) responses with BCI removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (Dropdown) 17. Do you have additional sectors or industries to comment on? (Dropdown) 7 C. Comments on Tariff Headings The actions apply additional duties to goods falling under 10,351 8-digit tariff codes and 57 10-digit tariff codes of the current Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS). Because the actions apply to some goods at the 10-digit level, for certain 8-digit tariff codes only a subset of 10-digit tariff codes are subject to additional duties. The questions under parts (a) and (b) require the identification of the relevant tariff code (8-digit or 10-digit) subject to the actions. Part (c) requires the identification of specific tariff codes, either at the 10-digit level or 8-digit level, for goods not currently covered by the action. For help finding the tariff code for the product you wish to comment on, see http://hts.usitc.gov a. Comments on Tariff Headings Currently Covered by the Actions 18. Do you have views on a tariff heading currently covered by the actions? If “No” is selected, move to part (b) Please provide the current tariff code covering goods that you wish to comment on. You must enter the relevant tariff code (8-digit or 10-digit) that is subject to the action. For most goods, additional duties have been applied at the 8-digit level. Additional tariff codes can be entered after completing the questions for each tariff code. Enter Code 19. Is your comment that the specific tariff line should be removed or that it should remain covered by the actions? (Dropdown) 20. For the tariff code provided, please explain why maintaining the current additional duties, including the current rate of duties, would or would not be effective in obtaining the elimination of or in counteracting China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property and innovation. 21. Have additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impacted the U.S. economy, including consumers? Please explain and respond to more specific questions below. (a). Have additional duties on products covered by this tariff code led to changes in domestic manufacturing of the products or downstream products, including in terms of 8 capital investments, capacity and production levels, industry concentration, and profits? (Dropdown) To the extent possible, please quantify any changes. In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (b). Have additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impacted U.S. workers, including with respect to the level of employment and wages? (Dropdown) In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (c). Have additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impacted U.S. small businesses? (Dropdown) In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (d). Have additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impacted lead times or changed inventory practices for the products or downstream products? (Dropdown) In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (e). Have additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code resulted in shifts in U.S. supply chains away from China and to the United States or third countries? (Dropdown) If the response is yes: (1). Would removing the tariff code impact shifts in U.S. supply chains away from China and to the United States or third countries? (Dropdown) Please explain. 9 In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (f). Have additional duties on the goods covered by this tariff code helped achieve goals pertaining to U.S. critical supply chains outlined in Executive Order 14017? (Dropdown) Please explain. g. Are the goods covered by this tariff code inputs used for additional manufacturing in the U.S.? (Dropdown) Please explain. If the response is yes: (1). Are additional duties on the inputs higher than additional duties on the downstream product(s) or finished good(s) incorporating those inputs (“tariff inversion”)? (Dropdown) Please explain. If the response is yes: (2). Please identify the tariff code the downstream product(s) or finished good(s) are imported under. If unknown, enter “unknown”. (3). Please provide a description of the downstream product or finished good. (h). Have additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impacted U.S. consumers, including with respect to prices and product availability? (Dropdown) Please explain. In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. 22. I certify that the information I am requesting confidential treatment for is business confidential, disclosure of the information would endanger trade secrets or profitability, and such information is not generally available. Additionally, BCI is contained in double 10 brackets [[ ]] and I have provided non-confidential (Public) responses with BCI removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (Dropdown) 23. Do you have additional tariff codes to comment on? (Dropdown) b. Comments on Adding Tariff Headings Not Currently Covered by the Actions 24. Do you have views on modifying the actions to include additional goods not currently covered by the actions? (Dropdown) If “no” is selected, move to attachments Please provide the tariff code covering goods that you wish to comment on. You must enter a valid tariff code not currently covered by the actions. If you encounter an issue identifying a specific tariff code, please refer to the introduction section for more information. Additional tariff codes can be entered after completing the questions for each tariff code. (Required) Enter Code: 25. For the tariff code provided, please explain how the addition of the tariff code would make the actions more effective in obtaining the elimination of or in counteracting China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation. 26. Would additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impact the U.S. economy, including U.S. consumers? Please explain and respond to more specific questions below. (a). Would additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impact domestic manufacturing of the goods or downstream products, including in terms of capital investments, capacity and production levels, industry concentration, and profits? (Dropdown) In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (b). Would additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impact U.S. workers, including with respect to the level of employment and wages? (Dropdown) 11 To the extent possible, please quantify the impact. In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (c). Would additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impact U.S. small businesses? (Dropdown) Please explain. In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (d). Have additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impacted lead times or changed inventory practices for the products or downstream products? (Dropdown) Please explain. In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (e). Would additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code likely result in shifts in U.S. supply chains away from China and to the United States or third countries? (Dropdown) Please explain. In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (f). Would additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code help achieve goals pertaining to U.S. critical supply chains outlined in Executive Order 14017? (Dropdown) Please explain. 12 (g). Are the goods covered by this tariff code inputs used for additional manufacturing in the U.S.? (Dropdown) Please explain. (h). Are additional duties on the inputs higher than the additional duties on the downstream product(s) or finished good(s) incorporating those inputs? (Dropdown) Please explain. If the response is yes for question 25H, questions 25H(1) and 25H(2) appear. (1). Please identify the tariff code the downstream product(s) or finished good(s) are imported under. If unknown, enter “unknown”. (2). Please provide a description of the downstream product or finished good. (i). Would additional duties on goods covered by this tariff code impact U.S. consumers including with respect to prices and product availability? (Dropdown) Please explain. In addition to a non-confidential (Public) response, commenters may provide a confidential (BCI) response. BCI must be clearly marked with double brackets [[ ]]. In the non-confidential response above, BCI must be removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. 26. I certify that the information I am requesting confidential treatment for is business confidential, disclosure of the information would endanger trade secrets or profitability, and such information is not generally available. Additionally, BCI is contained in double brackets [[ ]] and I have provided non-confidential (Public) responses with BCI removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (Dropdown) 27. Do you have additional tariff codes to comment on? (Dropdown) 13 D. Attachments Attachments may supplement the responses you have submitted in the boxes provided for each question, but should not replace those responses. Public Attachment (to upload) BCI Attachment (to upload) I certify the information I am requesting confidential treatment for is business confidential, disclosure of the information would endanger trade secrets or profitability, and such information is not generally available. Additionally, BCI is contained in double brackets [[ ]] and I have provided a non-confidential (Public) attachment with BCI removed from the double brackets [[ ]]. (Dropdown) 14
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Billing Code 3390-F3 OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES TRADE REPRESENTATIVE Docket Number USTR-2022-0014 Request for Comments in Four-Year Review of Actions Taken in the Section 301 Investigation: China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation AGENCY: Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR). ACTION: Request for comments. SUMMARY: USTR is conducting a four-year review of the July 6, 2018 action, as modified, and the August 23, 2018 action, as modified, in the Section 301 investigation of China’s Acts, Policies, and Practices Related to Technology Transfer, Intellectual Property, and Innovation. As part of the review, USTR is seeking public comments on the effectiveness of the actions in achieving the objectives of the investigation, other actions that could be taken, and the effects of such actions on the United States economy, including consumers. DATES: November 15, 2022 at 12:01 a.m. EST: The public docket on the web portal at https://comments.USTR.gov will open for interested persons to submit comments. January 17, 2023 at 11:59 p.m. EST: To be assured of consideration, submit written comments on the public docket by this date. ADDRESSES: You must submit all comments through the online portal: https://comments.USTR.gov. 1 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions about this notice, contact Associate General Counsels Philip Butler or Megan Grimball at (202) 395-5725. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: A. Background On August 24, 2017, the U.S. Trade Representative initiated an investigation into certain acts, policies, and practices of the Government of China related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation under Section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (Trade Act). See 82 FR 40213. In a notice published on April 6, 2018, the U.S. Trade Representative determined that acts, policies, and practices of the Government of China related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation are unreasonable or discriminatory, and burden or restrict U.S. commerce, and are thus actionable under section 301(b) of the Trade Act. See 83 FR 14906 (the April 6 notice). In particular: 1. China uses foreign ownership restrictions, such as joint venture requirements and foreign equity limitations, and various administrative review and licensing processes, to require or pressure technology transfer from U.S. companies. 2. China’s regime of technology regulations forces U.S. companies seeking to license technologies to Chinese entities to do so on non-market-based terms that favor Chinese recipients. 3. China directs and unfairly facilitates the systematic investment in, and acquisition of, U.S. companies and assets by Chinese companies to obtain cutting-edge technologies and intellectual property and generate the transfer of technology to Chinese companies. 2 4. China conducts and supports unauthorized intrusions into, and theft from, the computer networks of U.S. companies to access their sensitive commercial information and trade secrets. Following a notice and comment process on the proposed action to be taken in the investigation, the U.S. Trade Representative took two actions under Section 301 of the Trade Act: the July 6, 2018 action, covering an approximate annual trade value of $34 billion (List 1) and the August 23, 2018 action, covering an approximate annual trade value of $16 billion (List 2). See 83 FR 28710 (July 6, 2018 action) and 83 FR 40823 (August 23, 2018 action). These actions were subsequently modified by imposing additional duties on supplemental lists of products, known as Lists 3 and 4, as well as by the temporary removal of duties on certain products through product exclusions. On May 5, 2022, USTR announced that under Section 307(c)(2) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2417(c)(2)), the July 6, 2018 action, as modified, and the August 23, 2018 action, as modified, were subject to possible termination on their respective four-year anniversary dates (i.e., July 6, 2022 and August 23, 2022, respectively) and of the opportunity for representatives of domestic industries which benefit from the trade actions to request continuation of the actions during the last sixty days of such four-year periods. See 87 FR 26797 (May 5 notice). On September 8, 2022, USTR announced that the July 6, 2018 action, as modified, and the August 23, 2018 action, as modified, would remain in effect because at least one representative of a domestic industry which benefits from each action, as modified, submitted to the U.S. Trade Representative a request for continuation of the action, as modified. See 87 FR 55073 (September 8, 2022). The notice also announced 3 that, in accordance with Section 307(c)(3) of the Trade Act (19 U.S.C. 2417(c)(3)), the U.S. Trade Representative would conduct a review of the July 6, 2018 and August 23, 2018 actions, as modified, and that USTR would publish a separate notice or separate notices describing the review process. See 87 FR 55073. B. Four-Year Review of the Actions Taken Under Section 301, As Modified Following receipt of an appropriate request to continue an action taken under Section 301, Section 307(c) requires the U.S. Trade Representative to conduct a review of: (A) the effectiveness in achieving the objectives of section 301 of (i) such action, and (ii) other actions that could be taken (including actions against other products or services), and (B) the effects of such actions on the United States economy, including consumers. See 19 U.S.C. 2417(c)(3)(A) and (B). To aid in this review, USTR is opening a docket on November 15, 2022 for interested persons to submit comments with respect to any aspect of the above considerations, including comments on: . The effectiveness of the actions in obtaining the elimination of China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation. . The effectiveness of the actions in counteracting China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation. . Other actions or modifications that would be more effective in obtaining the elimination of or in counteracting China’s acts, policies, and practices related to technology transfer, intellectual property, and innovation. . The effects of the actions on the U.S. economy, including U.S. consumers. 4 . The effects of the actions on domestic manufacturing, including in terms of capital investments, domestic capacity and production levels, industry concentrations, and profits. . The effects of the actions on U.S. technology, including in terms of U.S. technological leadership and U.S. technological development. . The effects of the actions on U.S. workers, including with respect to employment and wages. . The effects of the actions on U.S. small businesses. . The effects of the actions on U.S. supply chain resilience. . The effects of the actions on the goals of U.S. critical supply chains outlined in Executive Order 14017 and in subsequent reports and findings. . Whether the actions have resulted in higher additional duties on inputs used for additional manufacturing in the United States than the additional duties on particular downstream product(s) or finished good(s) incorporating those inputs. In order to facilitate preparation of comments prior to the November 15 opening of the web portal, USTR intends to post a copy of questions for the docket by November 1, 2022. The questions will be posted at https://comments.USTR.gov. In the course of the review, USTR will evaluate whether to provide additional opportunities for public comment through additional written comments or through public hearings. Any further opportunities for public comment will be addressed in subsequent notices. C. Submissions Instructions 5 To be assured of consideration in this stage of the four-year review, interested parties should submit comments following the November 15, 2022 opening of the public docket on the portal, and by no later than January 17, 2023. This includes interested parties that previously provided responses in the prior stage of the review regarding continuation. By submitting a comment, the commenter certifies that the information provided is complete and correct to the best of their knowledge. USTR’s portal will allow for the submission of Business Confidential Information (BCI). Information regarding the procedures for submitting BCI will be specified on the portal. USTR will post submissions in the docket for public inspection, except business confidential information. You can view submissions on USTR’s web portal at https://comments.USTR.gov through docket number USTR-2022-0014. Greta Peisch General Counsel Office of the United States Trade Representative. 6